Tri luma - MANIFESTACIONES Y MANEJO DE LA SOBREDOSIFICACIÓN O INGESTA ACCIDENTAL: TRI-LUMA MR no debe administrarse por vía oral, su uso es exclusivamente tópico. Si el medicamento se aplica en exceso, no se obtendrán mejores ni más rápidos resultados, por el contrario, pueden desarrollarse, reacciones no deseadas, que cesan al ajustar la dosis.

 
Which patents cover Tri-luma, and when can generic versions of Tri-luma launch? Tri-luma is a drug marketed by Galderma Labs Lp and is included in one NDA. There are two patents protecting this drug. This drug has twenty-nine patent family members in eighteen countries. The generic ingredient in TRI-LUMA is fluocinolone acetonide; hydroquinone .... Mini handheld fan dollar tree

Product Size 45 g. Commercially Unrestricted $20. Commercially Restricted/Cash $60. You are encouraged to report negative side effects of prescription drugs to the FDA. Visit fda.gov/medwatch or call 1-800-FDA-1088. Visit AKLIEF website View Full Product List. Nationwide access.Save money on Tri-Luma with your free Tri-Luma coupon. Save on Tri-Luma at your local pharmacy! Use your ScriptSave WellRx prescription discount card for savings on all of your prescription medications at pharmacies across the U.S.Tri-Luma. *Costco Member Prescription Program pricing is subject to change without notice and may vary by location. Contact the local pharmacy listed for current discount program card prices or for any medications or quantities not displayed above. Powered by Costco Health Solutions. Charitable Contributions. Triluma Cream 15gm Description. Tri Luma Cream contains a combination of Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone and Tretinoin. It is used in adults to treat melasma of the face (dark and discoloured patches on the skin). Do not use this medici. Ask us now. Chat with our Galderma Special Services (GSS) team now or contact us using one of the options below to ask a question or report an Adverse Event (side effect) or Product Quality Complaint. Monday - Friday. 8:00 am - 5:00 pm CT. 1-866-735-4137. Tri-Luma® Cream is a unique triple-combination topical therapy that is used for the short-term treatment of dark spots that are associated with moderate to severe facial melasma. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% is a mild corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation. Tri Luma Cream: Your Solution for Hyperpigmentation. $ 41.99 – $ 199.08. Tri Luma cream, one of the most powerful depigmentation creams, is manufactured by Galderma. It contains 3 active ingredients: hydroquinone 4% for depigmentation, Fluocinolone 0.01% for skin inflammation, and tretinoin 0.05% for skin exfoliation. Amazon.com: Tri Luma Cream. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options All. Select the department you ...Hydroquinone, tretinoin, and topical corticosteroids are well established monotherapeutic agents for treating melasma and hyperpigmentation; however, a stable, once-daily formulation triple combination cream containing 0.05% tretinoin, 4.0% hydroquinone, and 0.01% fluocinolone acetonide (Tri-Luma) represents the only commercially available ...TRI-LUMA Cream is a combination of fluocinolone acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens.Which patents cover Tri-luma, and when can generic versions of Tri-luma launch? Tri-luma is a drug marketed by Galderma Labs Lp and is included in one NDA. There are two patents protecting this drug. This drug has twenty-nine patent family members in eighteen countries. The generic ingredient in TRI-LUMA is fluocinolone acetonide; hydroquinone ...Jan 30, 2023 · Some dosage forms listed on this page may not apply to the brand name Tri-Luma. Summary. Common side effects of Tri-Luma include: burning sensation, desquamation, pruritus, erythema of skin, and xeroderma. Continue reading for a comprehensive list of adverse effects. Amazon.com: Tri Luma Cream. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options All. Select the department you ... This element serves to reduce the pigmentation of the blemishes. It inhibits the production of melanin, lightening the skin. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%. The third key ingredient. This is a corticosteroid, added to the compound to reduce inflammation caused by the condition. Patients using Tri-Luma are encouraged to limit their exposure to the ...TRI-LUMA Cream is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity, allergy, or intolerance to this product or any of its components. WARNINGS TRI-LUMA Cream contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening asthmatic episodes in susceptible people.Compare prices and print coupons for Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone, and Tretinoin) and other drugs at CVS, Walgreens, and other pharmacies. Prices start at $216.43 A dermatologist stated (see link) that "you'll know Tri-luma expired when it changes the color". New Triluma is light yellow. To WHAT does the color change TO when the product expires? For example, my Tri-luma is 4 years past expiry date and the color is still as if bought yesterday (light yellow). Given, I've stored it in the fridge or away ...• TRI-LUMA Cream, a combination drug product containing corticosteroid, retinoid, and bleaching agent, is NOT indicated for the maintenance treatment of melasma. After achieving control with TRI-LUMA Cream, some patients may be managed with other treatments instead of triple therapy with TRI-LUMA Cream. Tri-Luma is a brand-name prescription cream that treats facial melasma, a skin pigmentation condition characterized by brown or gray patches on the face. The active ingredients in Tri-Luma are a corticosteroid (fluocinolone), a pigment-reducing drug (hydroquinone), and a vitamin A derivative (tretinoin) that helps repair damaged skin.Amazon.com: Tri Luma Cream. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options All. Select the department you ... Tri-Luma is a cream that is prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist to treat melasma. This cream contains a combination of ingredients that help heal skin and clear dark spots. These ingredients include hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Hydroquinone is a skin lightener that works by bleaching the skin. There are currently no generic alternatives to Tri-Luma. GoodRx has partnered with InsideRx and Galderma Pharmaceuticals to reduce the price for this prescription. Check our savings tips for co-pay cards, assistance programs, and other ways to reduce your cost. Tri-Luma is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans. May 10, 2022 · Tri-Luma is a prescription product approved for the short-term treatment of dark spots associated with moderate-to-severe melasma of the face. Tri-Luma should only be used under the supervision of ... TRI-LUMA Cream is contraindicated in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity, allergy, or intolerance to this product or any of its components. WARNINGS TRI-LUMA Cream contains sodium metabisulfite, a sulfite that may cause allergic-type reactions including anaphylactic symptoms and life-threatening asthmatic episodes in susceptible people. tri-luma Back to Drug Directory Mail Order Navigation Mail Order Refill Prescriptions Transfer Prescriptions New Prescriptions Prescription Status Patient Profile Manage Family Account Drug Directory Customer ServiceAug 30, 2021 · TRI-LUMA® CREAM. A Modified Kligman formula mainly used for the treatment of melasma (must be refrigerated). Uploaded by: owen26 on. Hydroquinone (4%) Cetyl Alcohol Citric Acid Anhydrous Glycerin Glyceryl Stearate Magnesium Aluminum Silicate Methyl Gluceth-10 Methylparaben PEG-100 Stearate Sodium Metabisulfite. Medscape - Indication-specific dosing for Tri-Luma (fluocinolone, tretinoin, hydroquinone), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information. Tri-Luma Galderma CareConnect Patient Savings Card. Eligible cash-paying patients and commercially insured patients/RX not covered may pay $75 per 30g prescription; offer valid 12 times per calendar year; for additional information contact the program at 855-280-0543. Applies to: Tri-Luma Number of uses: 12 times within calendar yearThere are currently no generic alternatives to Tri-Luma. GoodRx has partnered with InsideRx and Galderma Pharmaceuticals to reduce the price for this prescription. Check our savings tips for co-pay cards, assistance programs, and other ways to reduce your cost. Tri-Luma is covered by most Medicare and insurance plans. Tri*LUMA® (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) Cream is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face with sun protection measures in the presence of tri*LUMA® Cream. It is a combination medicine used to treat melasma (dark skin patches) on the face as a treatment for mylasma (dark skin patches).Find everything you need to know about Tri-Luma, including what it is used for, warnings, reviews, side effects, and interactions. Learn more about Tri-Luma at EverydayHealth.com.TRI-LUMA Cream contains hydroquinone and tretinoin that may cause mild to moderate irritation. Local irritation, such as skin reddening, peeling, mild burning sensation, dryness, and pruritus may be expected at the site of application. Transient skin reddening or mild burning sensation does not preclude treatment.Jan 18, 2002 · A cream base for the topical application of skin care therapeutics and a process for making the cream base. In one embodiment, the therapeutic is tretinoin, hydroquinone and fluocinolone acetonide for the treatment of hyperpigmented skin conditions, such as melasma. Patent expiration dates: September 8, 2023. . Indication: TRI-LUMA ® (fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%, hydroquinone 4%, tretinoin 0.05%) Cream is indicated for the short-term (up to 8 weeks) treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens. Adverse Events: In the controlled clinical trials, the most frequently ... 2,450,000 VNĐ. Tri-Luma có thành phần chính Fluocinolone Acetonide, Hydroquinone và Tretinoin. Sản phẩm có tác dụng điều trị thâm nám, giảm viêm nhiễm và giảm mụn. Mục: Thuốc kê đơn - Trị nám. Thương hiệu: Galderma Laboratoires. Đóng gói: Hộp 1 tuýp 15g.Melasma Treatment for Face Cream - Dark Spot Remover Centella Asiatica - Korean Skin Care Beauty Products 40ml/1.35 fl.oz. 139. 700+ bought in past month. $1490 ($11.04/Fl Oz) Save more with Subscribe & Save. FREE delivery Wed, Sep 6 on $25 of items shipped by Amazon. Or fastest delivery Thu, Aug 31.Apply just enough cream to cover the discolored spots and about one-half inch of the normal skin surrounding the affected area. Lightly rub onto your skin. The medicine should become invisible almost at once. If you can still see the medicine, you are using too much. Use your medicine at regular intervals.Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone 0.01%/Hydroquinone 4%/Tretinoin 0.05%) is a prescription cream used to treat melasma on the face. Tri-Luma contains three different kinds of medication. Fluocinolone is a medium strength corticosteroid that reduces swelling, itching, and redness. Hydroquinone is a reversible skin bleaching agent.I was on tri-luma for lightening dark inconsistencies on my skin (not freckles or sunspots, mine are darker). But I'm not insured so I dont feel like spending 250.00 just to get a prescription for then a 125.00 little 30mg tube of lightening cream (why is everything sooo expensive). Are there any over the counter alternatives...The summer is ...Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is a combination of medicines used to treat moderate to severe melasma (skin discoloration) of the face. Melasma usually happens with hormone changes in women. Fluocinolone is a corticosteroid (steroid medicine), hydroquinone is a bleaching agent, and tretinoin is a retinoid (related to vitamin A).It works by decreasing the amount of melanin, a pigment your body makes that gives your skin color. This reduces the appearance of dark spots. Sun prevention measures, including sunscreen, are often combined with this medication. It is a combination of a topical steroid, a skin-lightening agent, and a retinoid.Tri-Luma. *Costco Member Prescription Program pricing is subject to change without notice and may vary by location. Contact the local pharmacy listed for current discount program card prices or for any medications or quantities not displayed above. Powered by Costco Health Solutions. Charitable Contributions.Find everything you need to know about Tri-Luma, including what it is used for, warnings, reviews, side effects, and interactions. Learn more about Tri-Luma at EverydayHealth.com.1. 7. 7 comments. C_Chrono • 3 yr. ago. I started tretinoin first. It helped with acne scars but did not help with sun spots. So after more than a year of almost daily use without buffering, I opted for Tri-Luma. I followed the instructions faithfully and used it for 8 weeks only. I was already using 0.05 tretinoin for months so the ... Triluma Cream 15gm Description. Tri Luma Cream contains a combination of Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone and Tretinoin. It is used in adults to treat melasma of the face (dark and discoloured patches on the skin). Do not use this medici.TRI-LUMA Cream is a combination of fluocinolone acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens. Tri-Luma® Cream is a unique triple-combination topical therapy that is used for the short-term treatment of dark spots that are associated with moderate to severe facial melasma. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% is a mild corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation. Triluma Cream quantity. Triluma Cream is a product manufactured by Galderma. Is a well-established item for treating the condition Melasma. Triluma is Tri-luma generic cream. The active ingredients are Hydroquinone 4%, Tretinoin 0.05%, and Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% help in cleaning and complete removal of all kinds of marks such as pregnancy ...Amazon.com: Tri Luma Cream. Skip to main content.us. Delivering to Lebanon 66952 Choose location for most accurate options All. Select the department you ...Find everything you need to know about Tri-Luma, including what it is used for, warnings, reviews, side effects, and interactions. Learn more about Tri-Luma at EverydayHealth.com.Aug 24, 2023 · Sold as the brand Tri-Luma, this medication is a blend of tretinoin, corticosteroid, and hydroquinone. It gives you the benefits of the aforementioned medications in one cream. This treatment does work faster than using any one treatment alone, and it can improve even severe melasma. Tri Luma has definitely worked for me. I first got acne about 5 years ago and did the whole acutane thing, it cleared my skin, and i was clear for about 3 years (with of course red marks and...Dec 14, 2022 · TRI-LUMA Cream is a combination of fluocinolone acetonide (a corticosteroid), hydroquinone (a melanin synthesis inhibitor), and tretinoin (a retinoid) that is indicated for the short-term treatment of moderate to severe melasma of the face, in the presence of measures for sun avoidance, including the use of sunscreens. Tri-Luma is a cream that is prescribed by a doctor or dermatologist to treat melasma. This cream contains a combination of ingredients that help heal skin and clear dark spots. These ingredients include hydroquinone, tretinoin, and fluocinolone acetonide. Hydroquinone is a skin lightener that works by bleaching the skin. Ask us now. Chat with our Galderma Special Services (GSS) team now or contact us using one of the options below to ask a question or report an Adverse Event (side effect) or Product Quality Complaint. Monday - Friday. 8:00 am - 5:00 pm CT. 1-866-735-4137. Find patient medical information for Tri-Luma topical on WebMD including its uses, side effects and safety, interactions, pictures, warnings and user ratings.Tri-Luma® Cream is a unique triple-combination topical therapy that is used for the short-term treatment of dark spots that are associated with moderate to severe facial melasma. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% is a mild corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation. Tri-Luma; Descriptions. Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is a combination of medicines used to treat moderate to severe melasma (skin discoloration) of the face. Melasma usually happens with hormone changes in women.Triluma Cream 15gm Description. Tri Luma Cream contains a combination of Fluocinolone, Hydroquinone and Tretinoin. It is used in adults to treat melasma of the face (dark and discoloured patches on the skin). Do not use this medici. Medscape - Indication-specific dosing for Tri-Luma (fluocinolone, tretinoin, hydroquinone), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.Tri-Luma® Cream is a unique triple-combination topical therapy that is used for the short-term treatment of dark spots that are associated with moderate to severe facial melasma. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% is a mild corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation.This element serves to reduce the pigmentation of the blemishes. It inhibits the production of melanin, lightening the skin. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01%. The third key ingredient. This is a corticosteroid, added to the compound to reduce inflammation caused by the condition. Patients using Tri-Luma are encouraged to limit their exposure to the ...Aug 30, 2021 · TRI-LUMA® CREAM. A Modified Kligman formula mainly used for the treatment of melasma (must be refrigerated). Uploaded by: owen26 on. Hydroquinone (4%) Cetyl Alcohol Citric Acid Anhydrous Glycerin Glyceryl Stearate Magnesium Aluminum Silicate Methyl Gluceth-10 Methylparaben PEG-100 Stearate Sodium Metabisulfite. Tri Luma Crema 15 g. $970.00. En Stock. SKU. 3499320002448 * Precio exclusivo de tienda en línea. * Producto sujeto a disponibilidad. * Descuento ya incluído en ... Tri-Luma крем предназначен для топической терапии темных пятен, которые связанные с меланодермией лица, купить по низкой цене в интернет-магазине Great Pharma May 14, 2023 · 2,450,000 VNĐ. Tri-Luma có thành phần chính Fluocinolone Acetonide, Hydroquinone và Tretinoin. Sản phẩm có tác dụng điều trị thâm nám, giảm viêm nhiễm và giảm mụn. Mục: Thuốc kê đơn - Trị nám. Thương hiệu: Galderma Laboratoires. Đóng gói: Hộp 1 tuýp 15g. Tri Luma has definitely worked for me. I first got acne about 5 years ago and did the whole acutane thing, it cleared my skin, and i was clear for about 3 years (with of course red marks and...Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone 0.01%/Hydroquinone 4%/Tretinoin 0.05%) is a prescription cream used to treat melasma on the face. Tri-Luma contains three different kinds of medication. Fluocinolone is a medium strength corticosteroid that reduces swelling, itching, and redness. Hydroquinone is a reversible skin bleaching agent. Tri-Luma крем предназначен для топической терапии темных пятен, которые связанные с меланодермией лица, купить по низкой цене в интернет-магазине Great Pharma Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone 0.01%/Hydroquinone 4%/Tretinoin 0.05%) is a prescription cream used to treat melasma on the face. Tri-Luma contains three different kinds of medication. Fluocinolone is a medium strength corticosteroid that reduces swelling, itching, and redness. Hydroquinone is a reversible skin bleaching agent. Tri-Luma крем предназначен для топической терапии темных пятен, которые связанные с меланодермией лица, купить по низкой цене в интернет-магазине Great Pharma Tri-Luma крем предназначен для топической терапии темных пятен, которые связанные с меланодермией лица, купить по низкой цене в интернет-магазине Great PharmaTriluma Cream helps to lighten these dark patches by reducing the production of melanin (natural skin pigment). It lightens skin color and gives a smoother-looking skin. Triluma Cream also reduces any swelling, redness and itchiness especially if you have a sensitive skin. This helps boost your self-esteem and confidence as your appearance changes.Find everything you need to know about Tri-Luma, including what it is used for, warnings, reviews, side effects, and interactions. Learn more about Tri-Luma at EverydayHealth.com.Aug 1, 2023 · Tri-Luma; Descriptions. Fluocinolone, hydroquinone, and tretinoin topical is a combination of medicines used to treat moderate to severe melasma (skin discoloration) of the face. Melasma usually happens with hormone changes in women. Feb 24, 2021 · Kem trị nám Tri Luma của Ấn Độ giá cả sẽ dao động trong khoảng 400K – 600K tùy vào từng nơi bán và từng thời điểm bán. Nhìn chung kem trị nám Tri Luma có xuất xứ từ Mỹ thường có giá cao hơn rất nhiều, gấp 2 – 3 lần so với kem trị nám Tri Luma đến từ Ấn Độ. Jul 12, 2016 · Answer: Tri Luma Usage Making Melasma Darker. If TriLuma is making your skn darker and more sensitive, use a gentler product like Melarase (see below).Daily good habits with topicals may well help you chieve your goals with a good skin system like the Brightening Kit from KareSkin (see link). You may want to start with Melarase and Pigmentation ... Jul 12, 2016 · Answer: Tri Luma Usage Making Melasma Darker. If TriLuma is making your skn darker and more sensitive, use a gentler product like Melarase (see below).Daily good habits with topicals may well help you chieve your goals with a good skin system like the Brightening Kit from KareSkin (see link). You may want to start with Melarase and Pigmentation ... Feb 24, 2021 · Kem trị nám Tri Luma của Ấn Độ giá cả sẽ dao động trong khoảng 400K – 600K tùy vào từng nơi bán và từng thời điểm bán. Nhìn chung kem trị nám Tri Luma có xuất xứ từ Mỹ thường có giá cao hơn rất nhiều, gấp 2 – 3 lần so với kem trị nám Tri Luma đến từ Ấn Độ.

Tri Luma has definitely worked for me. I first got acne about 5 years ago and did the whole acutane thing, it cleared my skin, and i was clear for about 3 years (with of course red marks and... . Board and brew utc grand opening

tri luma

Dec 15, 2017 · Clinical recommendation Evidence rating References; Triple combination therapy (fluocinolone 0.01%/hydroquinone 4%/tretinoin 0.05% [Tri-luma]) is the most effective agent for treatment of moderate ... 1. 7. 7 comments. C_Chrono • 3 yr. ago. I started tretinoin first. It helped with acne scars but did not help with sun spots. So after more than a year of almost daily use without buffering, I opted for Tri-Luma. I followed the instructions faithfully and used it for 8 weeks only. I was already using 0.05 tretinoin for months so the ... Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone 0.01%/Hydroquinone 4%/Tretinoin 0.05%) is a prescription cream used to treat melasma on the face. Tri-Luma contains three different kinds of medication. Fluocinolone is a medium strength corticosteroid that reduces swelling, itching, and redness. Hydroquinone is a reversible skin bleaching agent. Tri Luma is a wonder drug that cleared my brown spots that i have battled for years. I tried other products such as Obagi and it was too complicated and cumbersome to use all 7 steps each day, twice a day.Tri-Luma Coupons, Prices, and Savings Card. This combination medication is used to treat melasma on the face. Learn more about fluocinolone-hydroquinone-tretinoin topical . 1 . This is a brand name drug and a generic may be available. The average cost for 1 Tube Of Cream, 30gm of 0.01-4-0.05% each, is $278.99. TRI-LUMA. QTY 30 • 0.01-.05-4 • Cream (g) • Near 23917. Add to Medicine Chest. Set Price Alert. FLUOCINOLONE; HYDROQUINONE; TRETINOIN (floo oh SIN oh lone; hye droe KWIN ohn; TRET i noe in) treats dark spots on the skin caused by hormones. It works by decreasing the amount of melanin, a pigment your body makes that gives your skin color.Aug 24, 2023 · Sold as the brand Tri-Luma, this medication is a blend of tretinoin, corticosteroid, and hydroquinone. It gives you the benefits of the aforementioned medications in one cream. This treatment does work faster than using any one treatment alone, and it can improve even severe melasma. Tri-Luma® Cream is a unique triple-combination topical therapy that is used for the short-term treatment of dark spots that are associated with moderate to severe facial melasma. Fluocinolone acetonide 0.01% is a mild corticosteroid that helps to reduce inflammation.Tri-Luma. *Costco Member Prescription Program pricing is subject to change without notice and may vary by location. Contact the local pharmacy listed for current discount program card prices or for any medications or quantities not displayed above. Powered by Costco Health Solutions. Charitable Contributions.Tri-Luma. *Costco Member Prescription Program pricing is subject to change without notice and may vary by location. Contact the local pharmacy listed for current discount program card prices or for any medications or quantities not displayed above. Powered by Costco Health Solutions. Charitable Contributions.Para el melasma. La crema Tri-luma contiene hidroquinona, una sustancia despigmentante que bloquea la síntesis de melanina, causando la despigmentación de la piel en el tratamiento del melasma. Se indica para el tratamiento del melasma moderado y severo en el rostro en conjunto con protectores solares y medidas estrictas sobre evitar el sol.Tri-Luma (Fluocinolone 0.01%/Hydroquinone 4%/Tretinoin 0.05%) is a prescription cream used to treat melasma on the face. Tri-Luma contains three different kinds of medication. Fluocinolone is a medium strength corticosteroid that reduces swelling, itching, and redness. Hydroquinone is a reversible skin bleaching agent..

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